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WILD LOBAU
MALLOW FAMILY

THE MALLOW FAMILY (Malvaceae)

The definition of this family is controversial and has been extended in recent years to include a larger number of genera, following molecular studies that indicate an evolutionary connection not immediately evident at a more superficial, visual level. (This is very much ‘work in progress’).

Leaves are often palmately veined, simple, lobed or compound, and when the margin is dentate, a vein typically ends at the tip of each tooth (malvoid teeth).

Stems contain mucous canals and/or cavities. Hairs are common, particularly on the undersides of the leaves, typically stellate (terminating in branches that radiate out like spokes of a wheel). This enables the leaf to trap a layer of moisture near the surface and so reduce evaporation.

The symmetry of the flower is radial and 5-part. Many member genera and species, including Hibiscus, have a distinctive central feature consisting of a tubular fusion of the stamens (male parts) around the female parts and a multiplication of anthers (pollen producers) resulting in a bottle brush-like appearance. The styles of the 5 ovaries are also fused and end in a 5-lobed stigma (receptor surface for pollen). This prominent central structure in the flower is called the columna.

Cocoa, okra and cotton also belong to this family.

Click on a thumbnail photo to go to full photo and description.

Hollyhock Mallow in Lobau Tall Mallow in Lobau
Lobau Location
QUICK KEY

Leaf Types (Simplified)

Icon
Shape
Veins
Simple parallel leaf-vein diagram
Simple
Parallel
Simple pinnate leaf-vein diagram
Simple
Pinnate
Lobed pinnate leaf-vein diagram
Lobed
Pinnate
Compound pinnate leaf-vein diagram
Compound
Pinnate
Trifoliate3-pinnate leaf-vein diagram
Trifoliate
3-Pinnate
Simple palmate leaf-vein diagram
Simple
Palmate
Lobed palmate leaf-vein diagram
Lobed
Palmate
Compound palmate leaf-vein diagram
Compound
Palmate
Other and various leaf-vein arrangments diagram
Other
Various

Flower Types (Simplified)

Icon
Symmetry
Petals
Radial symmetry and 3 petals flower type diagram
Radial
3 or multiple 3s
Radial symmetry and 4 petals flower type diagram
Radial
4
Radial symmetry and 5 separate petals flower type diagram
Radial
5, Separate
Radial symmetry and 5 tubular petals flower type diagram
Radial
5, Tubular
Radial symmetry and 5 tubular base flower type diagram
Radial
5,Tubular base
Radial symmetry and 5 bell-shape petals flower type diagram
Radial
5, Bell shape
Bilateral symmetry and 5 separate petals flower type diagram
Bilateral
5, Separate
Bilateral symmetry and 5 lipped petals flower type diagram
Bilateral
5, Lipped
Bilateral symmetry and winged petals flower type diagram
Bilateral
Butterfly form
Bilateral symmetry and tubular flower type diagram
Bilateral
Tubular
Spurred flower type diagram
.
Spurred
Stellate composite flower type diagram
Stellate
Composite
Structured clusters flower type diagram
Structured Clusters
5, small
Anomalous flower type diagram
Anomalous
.
Inconspicuous flower type diagram
Inconspicuous
.

Inflorescence Types (Simplified)

Icon
Type
Capitulum
Umbel flower head inflorescence type diagram
Umbel
Spike-like flower head inflorescence type diagram
Spike-like
Branched flower head inflorescence type diagram
Branched
Whorled flower head inflorescence type diagram
Whorled
Clustered flower head inflorescence type diagram
Clustered
Single

Hollyhock Mallow
 in Lobau

© 2011 Margaret Eros

LEAF TYPE
PETAL TYPE
INFLORES- CENCE TYPE
HEIGHT OF PLANT
FLOWERING MONTH
HABITAT
PHOTO LOCATION
  • diagram of 
<!--Next: FOR BLIND LEAF SHAPE ICON.-->
lobed 
<!--Next brown section: FOR BLIND LEAF VEIN ICON.-->
 leaf shape and 
palmate 
vein structure
    • diagram of 
<!--Next: FOR BLIND POPUP LEAF SHAPE.-->
lobed 
leaf shape 
<!--Next: FOR BLIND POPUP LEAF VEIN ICON.-->
and 
palmate 
vein structure
    • LEAF TYPE
    • Shape:
    • --lobed (indented form).
    • Veins:
    • --palmate (main veins radiate from leaf base like fingers of a hand).
    • This plant:
    • Lower leaves with small lobes. Higher leaves deeply dissected, almost but not quite completely as far as the leaf stem (petiole).
  • 
Radial symmetry and 5 separate petals
flower type diagram
    • 
Radial symmetry and 5 separate petals
flower type diagram
    • FLOWER TYPE
    • Symmetry:
    • --radial (star-shaped as seen from above).
    • Petals:
    • --5, separate (not joined).
    • This plant:
    • Petals 2-4cm long and narrow at base, smaller outer sepals fused with egg-shaped bracts (modified leaves), broad at base.
  • 
<!--Next: FOR BLIND INFLORESENCE ICON. -->
Branched 
inflorescence diagram
    • 
Branched 
inflorescence diagram
    • INFLORESCENCE TYPE
    • Branched
    • --various branching patterns with a single flower at the end of each branch, with or without leaves amongst them.
    • This plant:
    • flowers carried singly in axils of leaves along compound, much-branched stems, indeterminately bushy appearance..
  • 50 to 100 cm
  • Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
  • Fields (dry)

    Wayside

    • For more information, go to the “Habitats & such” tab in the menu bar.
  • diagram of photo location in the Lobau
    • diagram of photo location in the Lobau
Hollyhock Mallow
Malva alcea
Other common name(s): Greater Musk-mallow, Cut-leaved Mallow, Vervain Mallow
German name(s): Rosen-Malve
ITIS Serial #: 21774
Date:
07 July, 2011

Herbaceous perennial plant (dies back in winter, surviving underground to grow up again next season). Stems and undersides of leaves covered in stellate hairs (branch at the free end into several radiating strands). This traps a layer of humid air around the surface to reduce water loss (adaptation to survival in dry conditions).

Upper leaves palmately divided into 5-7 blunt lobes, lower ones less dissected. Whole plant has bushy appearance with many branches, each flower arises singly along stems from axils of leaves.

Hibiscus-like flowers, 4-7cm diameter, distinct central, bottle-brush’ columna, 1cm long with many fused stamens, typical for this family.

Petals rolled in bud form, surrounded by ring of 5 sepals fused at base with ring of modified leaves (bracts). See photo button !D! below.

Fruit a disc-shaped ring of seeds (4-8mm diameter) that later breaks up into segments.

  • !?!
    • 
Mallow herbal remedy for throat and stomach infections on account of high mucus content.
    • Mallow is one of the oldest known herbal remedies, still used in the form of a herbal infusion, remedy for throat and stomach infections on account of its high mucus content. (Austrian: Eibischtee) The ripe seeds are also edible with a nutty taste.
  • !D!
    • 
Hollyhock Mallow detail of closed buds
    • Closed flower buds, rolled petals surrounded by double ring of bracts and sepals, later enclosing developing seeds after petals die.
Tall Mallow
 in Lobau

© 2016 Margaret Eros

LEAF TYPE
PETAL TYPE
INFLORES- CENCE TYPE
HEIGHT OF PLANT
FLOWERING MONTH
HABITAT
PHOTO LOCATION
  • diagram of 
<!--Next: FOR BLIND LEAF SHAPE ICON.-->
lobed 
<!--Next brown section: FOR BLIND LEAF VEIN ICON.-->
 leaf shape and 
palmate 
vein structure
    • diagram of 
<!--Next: FOR BLIND POPUP LEAF SHAPE.-->
lobed 
leaf shape 
<!--Next: FOR BLIND POPUP LEAF VEIN ICON.-->
and 
palmate 
vein structure
    • LEAF TYPE
    • Shape:
    • --lobed (indented form).
    • Veins:
    • --palmate (main veins radiate from leaf base like fingers of a hand).
    • This plant:
    • 5-7 lobes, toothed margins
  • Radial symmetry and 5 separate petals
flower type diagram
    • Radial symmetry and 5 separate petals
flower type diagram
    • FLOWER TYPE
    • Symmetry:
    • --radial (star-shaped as seen from above(.
    • Petals:
    • --5, separate (not joined).
    • This plant:
    • flower about 5cm in diameter, base of each petal narrow widening out to a heart-shape with a distinct cleft
  • 
<!--Next: FOR BLIND INFLORESENCE ICON. -->
Branched 
inflorescence diagram
    • Branched 
inflorescence diagram
    • INFLORESCENCE TYPE
    • Branched
    • --various branching patterns with a single flower at the end of each branch, with or without leaves amongst them.
    • This plant:
    • flowers on short stalks carried singly or in groups of 2-6 in axils of leaves
  • 40 to 120cm
  • Jun Jul Aug Sep
  • Fallow fields

    Wayside

    • For more information, go to the “Habitats & such” tab in the menu bar.
  • diagram of photo location in the Lobau
    • diagram of photo location in the Lobau
Tall Mallow
Malva sylvestris
Other common name(s): High Mallow, Common Mallow
German name(s): Wilde Malve, Große Käsepappel
ITIS Serial #: 21840
Date:
04 June, 2016

This is a tall upright biennial or perennial plant with a long, fleshy, spindle-shaped root anchoring it firmly in the ground. The plant may survive the winter in the form of leaf buds near the base of the stem near the root, the rest of the plant dying back. The flowers are carried on upright stems about 2cm long, whereas the longer leaf stems project at a broad angle to the main stem.

The large showy flowers have heart-shaped petals, pinkish with deep purple stripes radiating from centre. Before opening the petals form an elongated roll, several times longer than the sepals. The central columna, typical for this family, is formed of fused stamens that shed their pollen in the first male phase of flowering. When this is over, the female phase begins and hairy filaments of the stigmas spread to catch pollen brought by visiting insects from other flowers.

Fruits are in the form of round cheeses with each kidney-shaped segment a separate seed.

  • !?!
    • 
In traditional medicine, the flowers and leaves are used to make infusions containing mucous substances that have a soothing and protective effect in the mouth, throat, stomach and intestines in cases of coughs, colds and other infections.
    • In traditional medicine, the flowers and leaves are used to make infusions containing mucous substances that have a soothing and protective effect in the mouth, throat, stomach and intestines in cases of coughs, colds and other infections.
  • !L!
    • 
broadly-rounded, divided  leaves of tall mallow, 5-7 lobes, main veins  radiating from the base,  toothed margin
    • broadly-rounded, divided leaves, 5-7 lobes, main veins radiating from the base, toothed margin
  • !D!
    • 
side view of tall mallow flower in the female phase with fine hairy branches of the stigmas spreading from the central columna. Note hairiness of stems
    • side view of flower in the female phase with fine hairy branches of the stigmas spreading from the central columna. Note hairiness of stems