THE NIGHTSHADE FAMILY (Solanaceae)
The Solanaceae, or Nightshades, are an economically important family of flowering plants. The family ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and includes a number of important agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and ornamentals. Some members of the family are highly toxic, but many cultures eat nightshades, in some cases as staple foods.
The family has a worldwide distribution, being present on all continents except Antarctica. The greatest diversity in species is found in South America and Central America.
The
Solanaceae include a number of commonly collected or cultivated species. The most economically important genus of the family is
Solanum, which contains the potato,
S. tuberosum, the tomato ,
S. lycopersicum, and the eggplant or aubergine,
S. melongena. Another important genus,
Capsicum, produces both chili peppers and bell peppers.
The genus
Physalis produces the so-called groundcherries, as well as the tomatillo,
Physalis philadelphica, the Cape gooseberry and the Chinese lantern,
Nicotiana, contains, among other species, tobacco. Some other important members of Solanaceae include a number of ornamental plants such as Petunia, and Lycianthes, the source of psychoactive alkaloids, Datura, and Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade). Certain species are widely known for their medicinal uses, their psychotropic effects, or for being poisonous.
(source: Wikipedia)
This is a plant usually noticed in its fruit stage rather than when in bloom. The flowers are relatively insignificant, whitish green, hanging beneath the leaves on short stems and difficult to see whereas the fruits are large, brightly coloured and unusual. They resemble lanterns with a bright orange papery covering, turning later into a transparent network of veins to reveal an orange berry inside that can be found well into September or October. The lantern is usually 4 to 5cm long and broad.
The plant is a hardy perennial, overwintering in the form of a rhizome that also enables the plant to spread and multiply vegetatively. It has become well established in central Europe although a native of southern Europe, Asia and Japan. The weak stems have a slightly woody base and are sometimes upright although they often trail.
The white, radially symmetrical flowers, 10 to 15mm in diameter, are carried on short flower stalks and tend to face downwards. They have a greenish or yellow centre and 5 short green, thickly hairy sepals visible behind. These later inflate to become the ‘lantern’ that encloses the cherry-like fruit.